The work done on Carbon SIRGE thus far demonstrates significant potential for both storing carbon and reducing flood risk at meaningful scales.  More work is needed to evaluate this potential.   

The demonstration project used available equipment and methods developed for environmental remediation applications, but refinement of equipment and methods will be needed to conduct a full-scale Carbon SIRGE project.  After that, field demonstration projects are needed to evaluate the Carbon SIRGE process in various geologic settings, and for various applications.  Initial applications should focus on storing carbon with less emphasis on limiting displacement gradients during uplift.  Applications intended to raise ground to reduce damaging effects of seawater intrusion on coastal wetlands or agricultural fields would be ideal.  

Methods for monitoring ground deformation in real time are Methods to monitor deformation and then use these data to control the injection process are needed to limit displacement gradients during uplift.  A wide variety of sensors are available to measure deformation, and machine learning methods are emerging that could assimilate deformation data and use it to guide the injection process.  

Studies of wood in the subsurface indicate that degradation will be slow, but some changes are inevitable and investigations are needed to evaluate these effects.  It appears that erosion bacteria can be active in saturated conditions, but the rates at which they will change the chemical and mechanical properties of wood remain unclear.  Studies are needed to evaluate these effects in the laboratory, and preferably under field conditions.    

How do the different aspects, like sources of wood particles, affect the LCA?  The initial field demonstration used sawdust from a sawmill, and this source was used in the LCA.  Future applications would likely include wood from other sources, including wood that was milled specifically for Carbon SIRGE, and this will affect the LCA.